形容词(adjective),是用来修饰名词,说明事物或人的特征或性质的词,常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如
a lovely baby一个可爱的婴儿
the beautiful picture那幅美丽的图画
1、形容词的用法
形容词在句中可用作
(1)定语
He is a good boy.他是个好孩子。
The Chinese Communist Party is a great party.中国共产党是伟大的党。
(2)表语
The film is both moving and instructive.这部电影很感动人,而且富有教育意义。
I am very glad to see you.见到你很高兴。
(3)宾语补足语 和宾语一起构成复合宾语。如
Have you got everything ready for the journey? 你行装都准备好了吗?
We keep our rooms clean and tidy.我们经常保持房间的整洁。
(4)相当于名词 某些形容词前用定冠词the,变成名词化的形容词,可在句中作主语、宾语等。如
The young are active.青年人积极好动。(the young作主语)
The blind can learn to read ith their fingertips. 盲人能够用指尖学习阅读书籍。(the blind作主语)
He has a keen sense of the ne.他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉。(the ne作宾语)
注1:上述三例中的the young = the young people,the blind the Blind people,the ne the ne things.
注2:在The sun rose red(旭日升起)中的形容词red和Don't marry young(不要早婚)中的形容词young都是主语补足语。
2、形容词在句中的位置
(1)形容词修饰名词时,一般放在名词前,如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,关系最密切者最靠近被修饰的名词。如:
a thick bron oolen scarf一条厚厚的羊毛围巾。
(2)英语中,something,anything等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在代词的后面,作后置定语。
I have something special for you.
Are there anything ne ?
(3)有少数形容词,既可放在它所修饰的名词前,也可放在它所修饰的名词后。如:
He has enough time.
He has time enough
3、形容词的分类
(1)描述性形容词
表示名词的性质、颜色、大小和状态等的形容词。如
He bought some ne books. 他买了一些新书。
These books are ne. 这些书是新的。
She rote the letter ith blue ink. 她用蓝墨水写了那封信。
The ink is blue. 这些墨水是蓝色的。
(2)物质类形容词
由物质名词充当或物质名词转换而成的形容词。如
This glass dish looks very fragile. 这个玻璃盘子看起来很容易碎。
It's a glassy substance. 这是一种像玻璃一样光滑的物质。
(3)数量性形容词
不定代词之后接名词时即成为数量形容词。如
We got there ithout any trouble. 我们顺利到达那里。
We'll see some friends tomorro. 我们明天将去看一些朋友
(4)专有形容词
由专有名词转换而成的形容词如地名、国名等。如
He is a Chinese ambassador. 他是中国的大使。
He as born in Shanghai. 他出生于上海。
(5)物主形容词
包括人称代词的所有格(形容词性物主代词)和名词的所有格。如
My room is just above. 我的房间就在楼上。
Acquaint him ith your plans. 把你的计划告诉他。
(6)指示性形容词
指示代词this,that,these,those之后接名词或one/ones,成为指示形容词。如
This book of Joe's is very amusing. 乔的这本书非常有趣。
I dislike man of that type. 我不喜欢那一类型的人。
(7)疑问性形容词
疑问代词hich,hose,hat之后接名词或代词,成为疑问形容词。如
Whose bike is it? 这是谁的自行车?
What books have you read on this subject? 你读过哪些关于这方面的书?
(8)关系形容词
关系代词hich,hose,hat之后接名词,成为关系形容词。如
The men hose names ere called left the room. 哪些被叫到名字的人离开了房间。
Do you give her hat money you had? 你把你所有的钱都给了她吗?
(9)副词性形容词
有少数副词由于没有相应的形容词,也可以充当形容词。如
The ball here is mine. 这儿的这个球是我的。
He caught the up train. 他赶上了上行的火车。
(10)动词性形容词
由动词转化成的形容词,即现在分词、过去分词。如
In spring e uncover the simming pool. 春天我们移去游泳池的覆盖物。
There is running ater in the kitchen and the bathroom. 厨房和卫生间都有自来水。
4、形容词的比较级和最高级
一般情况下,形容词有三个比较等级:原级、比较级和最高级。
(1)原级
平常所见到的形容词叫原级,即形容词的原形,如:
big, all ,beautiful 等
(2)比较级
形容词的比较级用于两个人或物之间作比较。主要句型为:主语 系动词 比较级 than 其他。如:
He is taller than his brother .
(3)最高级
形容词的最高级是在两个以上的人或物之间的比较。最常用的结构是:the 最高级 名词 其他。
This tree is the tallest in the ood .
5、单音节和双音节形容词的比较级和最高级的变化规则
(1)单音节词和双音节词一般在原级的词尾加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级,如:
tall - taller - tallest
(2)以辅音字母 y结尾的形容词,先变y为i,再加-er构成比较级,加-est 构成最高级,如:heavy - heavier - heaviest
(3)以重读闭音节结尾的形容词,先双写后一个辅音字母,再加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级,如:big- bigger - biggest
(4) 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,加上-r,-st构成比较级、最高级,如:
large- larger- largest
6、多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词比较级和最高级的构成
在单词前面加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级,如:
beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful
注:某些单音节形容词,tired,right,glad等,加more, most构成比较级和最高级,如:
glad - more glad - most glad
7、形容词比较级和最高级变化不规则的有:
good - better - best
many-more一most
little -less -least
much-more-most
bad / ill→orse→orst
little→less→least
far→farther→farthest(表示距离)
far→further→furthest (表示程度)
old→older / elder→oldest /eldest
8、形容词比较等级的用法
(1)原级用法
★原级比较as 形容词或副词原级 as
在否定句或疑问句中可用so.…as。
例如He can not run so fast as you.
当as.…as中间有名词时采用以下格式
as 形容词 a 数名词
as many/much 名词
如This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can.
用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。
如This room is tice as big as that one.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。
如This room is tice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
★倍数表达法
A is three(four, etc) times the size (height,length etc.)of B.
如The ne building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。
A is three(four, etc.) times as big (high,long,etc.)as B.
如Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
A is three (four etc.) times bigger (higher, longer etc.) than B.
如Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用tice或double.
(2)比较级的用法
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,结构形式如下
★ A is/ arm/are 形容词比较级 than B
如She is taller than
Tom is more athletic than Sam.
★比较级 and 比较级,表示“越来越”
例如armer and armer
nicer and nicer
more and more beautiful
★ the 比较级……,the 比较级……
如The more you read the book, the more interesting you found.
★比较级的修饰语有much,far,even,a little,a bit,a lot 等。
如He made feer mistakes than I did.
He is even richer than I.
(4)最高级的用法
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,其结构形式为主语 谓语(系动词) the 形容词最高级 名词 表示范围的短语或从句,比较常用在in,of 或among的结构中,形容词最高级前 the.
如I am the best of the three.
He is the thinnest boy in my class.
9、形容词比较等级的特殊用法
(1)形容词原级表示比较级含义
如John is not so stupid as Mike.
John is less stupid than Mike.
John is cleverer than Mike.约翰不象迈克那么笨。
(2)用比较级表示最高级
如约翰是班里最高的男生。
John is taller than any other boy in the class.
John is the tallest boy in the class.
John is taller than any other boy.
(3) the more.……the more..表示越.….越…….
如The more books you read,the ider your knoledge is.
The more food you eat,the fatter you are.
(4)more and more..表示越来…….越……
如More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.
Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
(5)如在两者间表示最……时,要在比较级前加the,而且还用of the to,of the pair短语
如John is the clever of the to boys.
of the to boys,John is the clever.
2023.03.29