本期编辑/开鸿顺

KaiHongShun Studio

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中国十大著名古建筑分别是故宫、颐和园、布达拉宫、万里长城、苏州园林、赵州桥、永乐宫、黄鹤楼、秦始皇陵、岳阳楼。

The ten famous ancient buildings in China are the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, Potala Palace, the Great Wall, Suzhou Gardens, Zhaozhou Bridge, Yongle Palace, Yello Crane Toer, the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin, and Yueyang Toer.

一、故宫——世界最大的宫殿

故宫，又名紫禁城，位于北京中轴线的中心。北京故宫内的建筑分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝的中心为太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，统称为三大殿，是国家举行大典礼的地方。三大殿左右两翼辅以文华殿、武英殿两组建筑。内廷的中心是乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫，统称后三宫，是皇帝和皇后居住的正宫。其后为御花园。后三宫两侧排列着东、西六宫，是后妃们居住休息的地方。

The Forbidden City, also knon as the Forbidden City, is located at the center of Beijing's central axis. The buildings in the Forbidden City in Beijing are divided into to parts: the external court and the internal court. The center of the Outer Court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony, hich are collectively called the Three Halls...

紫禁城有四座城门，南面为午门，北面为神武门，东面为东华门，西面为西华门。城墙的四角，各有一座风姿绰约的角楼，民间有九梁十八柱七十二条脊之说。

The Forbidden City has four gates, the Meridian Gate in the south, the Shenu Gate in the north, the Donghua Gate in the east and the Xihua Gate in the est. At the four corners of the city all, there is a charming turret. There is a folk saying that there are nine beams, eighteen columns and seventy-to ridges.

北京故宫是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑之一，是国家AAAAA级旅游景区。

The Forbidden City of Beijing is one of the largest and best preserved ancient ooden structures in the orld and a national AAAAA tourist attraction.

二、颐和园——皇家园林博物馆

颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，全园占地3.009平方公里（其中颐和园世界文化遗产区面积为2.97平方公里），水面约占四分之三。与圆明园毗邻。它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。

The Summer Palace, the imperial garden of the Qing Dynasty, formerly knon as the Qingyi Garden, is located in the estern suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers aay from the urban area. The hole park covers an area of 3.009 square kilometers (of hich the Summer Palace World Cultural Heritage Area covers an area of 2.97 square kilometers), and the ater surface accounts for about three quarters.

颐和园与承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家AAAAA级旅游景区。2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

The Summer Palace, together ith Chengde Summer Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden, is knon as the four famous gardens in China. It as included in the World Heritage List in 1998. In 2007, the Summer Palace as officially approved as a national AAAAA tourist attraction by the National Touri Administration. In 2009, the Summer Palace as selected as the largest existing imperial garden in China by the China World Records Association.

三、布达拉宫——世界屋脊的明珠

“布达拉”或译“普陀珞珈”，为梵文“Potalaka”之音译，意为“小白花树”、“光明海岛”等，佛教传说中为观世音菩萨的常住道场，原位于印度南部，浙江舟山的普陀山之名亦源于此。

Potala "or" Putuo Luojia "is a transliteration of Sanskrit" Potalaka ", hich means" Little White Floer Tree "," Bright Island ", etc. In Buddhist legend, it is the permanent ashram of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, originally located in southern India, and the name of Putuo Mountain in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province also es from this.

布达拉宫位于中国西藏自治区首府拉萨市区西北的玛布日山上，是一座宫堡式建筑群，最初是吐蕃王朝赞普松赞干布为迎娶尺尊公主和文成公主而兴建。于17世纪重建后，成为历代达赖喇嘛的冬宫居所，为西藏政教合一的统治中心。布达拉宫的主体建筑为白宫和红宫两部分。1961年，布达拉宫成为了国务院第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。1994年，布达拉宫被列为世界文化遗产。

The Potala Palace is located on the Maburi Mountain in the northest of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It is a castle style building plex. It as originally built by the Tubo Dynasty's Zanpu Songzangampo to marry Princess Chizun and Princess Wencheng.

四、万里长城——中国古代第一事工程

长城，又称万里长城，世界中国的七大奇迹之一，中国古代的事防御工事，它不是一道单纯孤立的城墙，而是以城墙为主体，同大量的城、障、亭、标相结合的防御体系。明朝是一个大修长城的朝代，今天人们所看到的长城多是此时修筑 。

The Great Wall, also knon as the Great Wall, is one of the seven onders of China in the orld. The military fortifications in ancient China are not a simple isolated city all, but a defensive system ith the city all as the main body and a large number of cities, barriers, pavilions and landmarks...

长城资源主要分布在河北、北京、天津、内蒙古、黑龙江、青海、新疆等共15个省、自治区、直辖市。现存长城文物本体包括长城墙体、壕堑、界壕、单体建筑、关堡、相关设施等各类遗存，总计4.3万余处（座/段）。

The Great Wall resources are mainly distributed in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, including Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Qinghai and Xinjiang. The existing cultural relics of the Great Wall include the all, trench, boundary trench, single building, fortress, related facilities and other relics, totaling more than 43000 (sets/section).

1961年，长城被国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。1987年，长城被列为世界文化遗产。

In 1961, the Great Wall as announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, the Great Wall as listed as a orld cultural heritage.

五、苏州园林——园林之城

苏州古典园林，亦称“苏州园林”，是位于江苏省苏州市境内的中国古典园林的总称。苏州素有“园林之城”的美誉，境内私家园林始建于前6世纪，清末时城内外有园林170多处，现存50多处，对外开放的园林有19处。园林占地面积不大，但以意境见长，以独具匠心的艺术手法在有限的空间内点缀安排，变化无穷。

Suzhou Classical Gardens, also knon as "Suzhou Gardens", is the general name of Chinese classical gardens located in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Suzhou is knon as the "Garden City". The private gardens in Suzhou ere built in the first six centuries... It is decorated and arranged in a limited space ith ingenious artistic techniques, hich is infinitely changeable.

以拙政园、留园为代表的苏州古典园林被誉为“咫尺之内再造乾坤”，是中华园林文化的骄傲。1997年，苏州城内的四座园林以苏州古典园林之名作为中国园林的代表被列入《世界遗产名录》。

Suzhou classical gardens, represented by Zhuozheng Garden and Liuyuan Garden, are knon as "the reconstruction of the universe ithin a short distance", hich is the pride of Chinese garden culture. In 1997, the four gardens in Suzhou ere listed in the World Heritage List as representatives of Chinese gardens in the name of Suzhou classical gardens.

六、赵州桥——天下第一桥

赵州桥，又名安济桥，是一座位于河北省石家庄市赵县城南洨河之上的石拱桥，因赵县古称赵州而得名。当地人称之为大石桥，以区别于城西门外的永通桥（小石桥）。赵州桥由匠师李春设计建造，唐宋明清各代均曾有过整修。其被视为目前世界上最古老、完好的大跨度单孔敞肩坦弧石拱桥，后由宋哲宗赵煦赐名安济桥，并以之为正名。

Zhaozhou Bridge, also knon as Anji Bridge, is a stone arch bridge located on the Xiaohe River in the south of Zhao County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province. It is named after Zhao County, hich as called Zhaozhou in ancient times. Locals call it Dashi Bridge, hich is different from Yongtong Bridge (Xiaoshi Bridge) outside the est gate of the city.

其建造工艺独特，在世界桥梁史上首创“敞肩拱”结构形式；雕作刀法苍劲有力，艺术风格新颖豪放，显示了隋代浑厚、严整、俊逸的石雕风貌，桥体饰纹雕刻精细，具有较高的艺术价值。2010年，赵州桥景区被评为国家AAAA级旅游景区。

Its construction technology is unique, hich is the first "open shoulder arch" structure in the orld bridge history; The carving technique is vigorous and poerful, and the artistic style is novel and bold, hich shos the rich, neat and elegant stone carving style of the Sui Dynasty. The bridge body is finely carved and has high artistic value. In 2010, Zhaozhou Bridge Scenic Area as rated as a national AAAA tourist attraction.

七、永乐宫——道教宫殿式建筑

永乐宫，原名大纯阳万寿宫，为纪念八仙之一吕洞宾而建，因地处永乐镇，俗称永乐宫， 国家首批重点文物保护单位，位于芮城县城北3公里的龙泉村东侧。

Yongle Palace, formerly knon as the Great Chunyang Longevity Palace, as built in memory of Lv Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals. It is located in Yongle Ton, monly knon as Yongle Palace. It is one of the first batch of key cultural relics under national protection, and is located in the east of Longquan Village, 3 kilometers north of Ruicheng County.

永乐宫是我国现存最大、保存最为完整的道教宫观，同北京的白永乐宫，位于山西省运城市芮城县城北3公里的龙泉村东侧，是一座大型道教宫观，全真教三大祖庭之一（其他两座是陕西重阳宫、北京白云观）。1961年被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

Yongle Palace is the largest and most plete Taoist temple in China. It is located in the east of Longquan Village, 3 kilometers north of Ruicheng County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province. It is a large Taoist temple and one of the three ancestral halls of Quanzhen Taoi (the other to are Chongyang Palace in Shaanxi Province and Baiyun Temple in Beijing). In 1961, it as listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

永乐宫是元代道教建筑的典型，在建筑结构上，吸收了宋代“营造法式”和辽、金时期的“减柱法”，形成特有的风格。

Yongle Palace is a typical Taoist architecture of the Yuan Dynasty. In terms of architectural structure, it has absorbed the "construction method" of the Song Dynasty and the "column reduction method" of the Liao and Jin Dynasties, forming a unique style.

八、黄鹤楼——天下绝景

黄鹤楼，位于湖北省武汉市武昌区，地处蛇山之巅，濒临万里长江，是江南四大名楼之一；因唐代诗人崔颢登楼所题《黄鹤楼》一诗而名扬四海。自古有“天下绝景”之美誉，与晴川阁、古琴台并称为“武汉三大名胜”，与湖南岳阳岳阳楼、江西南昌滕王阁并称为“江南三大名楼”，是“武汉十大景”之首、“中国十大历史文化名楼”之一，世称"天下江山第一楼"。

The Yello Crane Toer, located in Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, is one of the four famous toers in the south of the Yangtze River; The poem "Yello Crane Toer" ritten by Cui Hao, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, became famous all over the orld. Since ancient times, it has been knon as the "World's Wonderful Scenery".

2007年，武汉市黄鹤楼公园被评定为国家AAAAA级旅游景区。

In 2007, Wuhan Yello Crane Toer Park as rated as a national AAAAA tourist attraction.

九、秦始皇陵——中国第一座皇家景园

秦始皇陵，中国历史上第一位皇帝嬴政的陵寝，中国第一批世界文化遗产、第一批全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAAA级旅游景区，位于陕西省西安市临潼区城东5千米处的骊山北麓。

The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin, the tomb of Ying Zheng, the first emperor in Chinese history, the first batch of orld cultural heritage sites, the first batch of national key cultural relics protection sites, and the national AAAAA tourist attraction are located at the north foot of Lishan Mountain, 5 kilometers east of Lintong District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.

据史料记载，秦陵中还建有各式宫殿，陈列着许多奇异珍宝。秦陵四周分布着大量形制不同、内涵各异的陪葬坑和墓葬，已探明的有400多个，据目前的考证，已发现的秦始皇兵马俑被普遍认为位于秦始皇陵的外围，有戍卫陵寝的含义，是秦始皇陵的组成部分，其中包括“世界第八大奇迹”中的兵马俑坑。

According to historical records, there are also various palaces in the Qin Mausoleum, displaying many strange treasures. There are a large number of burial pits and tombs ith different shapes and connotations around the Qinling Mausoleum, more than 400 of hich have been verified.

秦始皇陵是世界上规模最大、结构最奇特、内涵最丰富的帝王陵墓之一。1961年，秦始皇陵被国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin is one of the largest imperial tombs in the orld, ith the most unique structure and rich connotation. In 1961, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang as announced by the State Council as one of the first batch of key cultural relics under national protection.

十、岳阳楼——江南名楼

岳阳楼，位于湖南省岳阳市岳阳楼区洞庭北路，地处岳阳古城西门城墙之上，紧靠洞庭湖畔，下瞰洞庭，前望君山；因北宋滕宗谅重修岳阳楼，邀好友范仲淹作《岳阳楼记》使得岳阳楼著称于世。自古有“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”之美誉，与湖北武汉黄鹤楼、江西南昌滕王阁并称为“江南三大名楼”，是“中国十大历史文化名楼”、世称"天下第一楼"。

Yueyang Toer, located in Dongting North Road, Yueyang Toer District, Yueyang City, Hunan Province, is located on the est gate all of the ancient city of Yueyang, close to the Dongting Lake, overlooking Dongting from the bottom and Junshan from the front.

岳阳楼是江南三大名楼中唯一的一座保持原貌的古建筑。2011年，岳阳楼景区被正式批准为国家AAAAA级旅游景区。

Yueyang Toer is the only ancient building among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River. In 2011, Yueyang Toer Scenic Area as officially approved as a national AAAAA tourist attraction.